Hummingbird Scientific’s dedicated X-ray bulk liquid electrochemistry holder for X-ray microscopy (XRM), similar to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy  (SEM) counterparts, uses real reference electrode (e.g., Ag/AgCl in KCl) and real counter electrodes (a wide range of conductive materials available) which allow the user to perform realistic in-situ electrochemistry that is for the first time quantitatively accurate and directly correlates to the industry-scale cells’ electrochemical behavior. This is vastly different from the conventional in-situ liquid cells that use pseudo reference electrodes, which are unreliable and present inaccurate electrochemical data. Key characteristics of a new in-situ specimen holder include:

• Replication of electrochemical data to industry-scale cell
• Observation of transient electrochemical behavior in real time
• Imaging and mapping materials’ change at high-resolution in liquid

Applications

• • • Batteries
    • Fuel cells
    • Electrosynthesis
    • Electrolysis
    • Corrosion