Single Channel Gas Flow
| 1300 Series – Single Channel | |
| Pressure Range at Sample | 1 to 2 bar |
| Experimental Gas Inlets | 1 |
| Purge Capability | Yes |
| Gas Analysis Capability | No |
| Tubing System |
All Metal |
| Biasing Contacts |
4 contacts |
| Heating Temperature |
>1000°C |
| Holder Cleaning | Bakeable to 160° C |
| EELS / EDS Compatible | Yes |
| TEM Compatibility | TFS/FEI, JEOL, Hitachi, Zeiss |
Overview
Our in-situ TEM gas cell specimen holder allows researchers to study material behavior in gases and at elevated temperatures (>1000°C), obtaining atomic resolution images of gas-solid interactions at real-world reaction temperatures and pressures. Gases are introduced to the microfabricated environmental cell via one of our dedicated gas delivery systems. Cell pressure is fully user-controlled and can be adjusted from high vacuum to above atmospheric pressure. Local specimen heating is provided via an integrated MEMS heater with a temperature sensor calibrated for accurate readings. To ensure clean gas delivery, the entire holder can be baked at up to 160°C. Now also with custom data/image integration options.
Sample research applications for which realistic reaction conditions can be created in the gas environmental cell are:
- Gas catalysis
- Fuel-cell research
- Growth of nano-structures
- Thin film deposition
Gas Delivery
Hummingbird Scientific’s gas-flow holder comes with either a single-channel or a multi-channel delivery system.
Single-channel gas delivery system
Hummingbird’s single-channel gas delivery system delivers a single pressure-controlled gas to the environmental cell.
Multi-channel gas delivery system
Hummingbird Scientific’s multi-channel gas delivery system is fully configurable and scalable, designed to deliver multiple pressure-controlled gases to an environmental cell at the same time.
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Heating
Our thin-film heating system for the gas holder discretely heats samples in the gas cell to > 1000ºC. Low-drift, high image stability and long lifetimes > 160 hours make the heating system not only robust, but allows tracking of the area of interest while imaging at high-magnification.
Heating is controlled via a custom-designed control box and software featuring closed-loop temperature control and four-point probe temperature sensing from an on-chip sensor, which is accurate enough to not only measure the sample temperature but to detect power changes small enough to be able to perform nano-calorimetry.
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TEM Safety
Careful preparation of your samples and system are essential for effective use of environmental holders. A critical component of any holder system is a high-vacuum leak check station.
Our high-vacuum pumping station is a compact, all-in-one vacuum storage and seal-checking mechanism for TEM specimen holders. The station features short pumping and venting times, a low base pressure (<1e-6 mbar), and a glass viewing port for the holder tip.
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Bulk Sample Heating Holder See MoreThe Heating Holder allows you to image your sample at temperatures up to 800°C and observe morphological changes and phase transformations occurring at high temperatures. |
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X-Ray/ Synchrotron Liquid Holder See MoreThe synchrotron holder is a complete in-situ X-ray lab system, enabling high-resolution material characterization in liquids. The system offers single-inlet, heating, electrochemical, spectroscopy, and cross-correlative features for your research. |
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Liquid Holder See MoreThe liquid holder is a complete in-situ TEM lab system, enabling high-resolution material characterization in liquids. The system offers single-inlet, dual-inlet, heating, electrochemical, spectroscopy, and cross-correlative features for your research. |
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In-situ TEM high-temperature reduction of high-entropy alloy nanocatalyst
Atomistic interaction of gas-solid phase is important to understand the working mechanism of various catalyst materials. This is specifically the case for high-entropy alloy (HEA) atomistically mixed with more than five elements. A research team from the University of Illinois, Chicago (UIC), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), University of Pittsburgh, University of California, Riverside, and Northwestern University used Hummingbird Gas TEM holder to study the oxidation and reduction behavior of FeCoNiCuPt HEA in air and hydrogen gas at 400 °C, respectively. As the particles are heated in air at 400 °C, there is a growth of the oxide layer around the particles. Upon introduction of hydrogen gas, there is a further expansion of the oxide layer which transforms into porous structures and there is an outward diffusion of all transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni and Cu). The work presented here provides fundamental insights into the new class of alloy NPs for catalytic applications.
Figure: In-situ TEM oxidation and reduction of CoNiCuPt nanoparticles upon heating at 400 °C, in air and hydrogen, respectively. A shown in the schematic, all transition metals diffuse out. Pt remains intact in the core.
Image Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society
Reference: Song et al. Nano Lett. 2021, 21, 4, 1742–1748. DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04572
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Kirkendahl effect in Co nanoparticles
These experiments show the changes in nanoparticle morphology during in-situ TEM oxidation of Co nanoparticles in oxygen at elevated temperatures. These kind of in-situ TEM observations are crucial in understanding of the fundamental relationships involved in catalytic activity in these materials.
Left: Movie of the formation of hollow core oxide shells when Co nanoparticles are heated from 150°C to 250°C in 1 bar of flowing oxygen.
Reference: H.L. Xin, K. Niu, D.H. Alsem and H. Zheng. “In-Situ TEM Study of Catalytic Nanoparticle Reactions in Atmospheric Pressure Gas Environment,” Microscopy & Microanalysis 19 (2013) pp. 1558. Abstract
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America, 2013
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| Alexandre C. Foucher, and Eric A. Stach. “Identifying dynamic restructuring effects in nanocatalysts by combining in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy: A review,” Catal. Today (2024) | Abstract |
| Chao Chen, Dmitri N. Zakharov, and Alexei F. Khalizov. “Drastically different restructuring of airborne and surface-anchored soot aggregates,” J. Aero. Sci. (2023) | Abstract |
| Alexandre C. Foucher, Daniel J. Rosen, Shengsong Yang, Dario Ferreira Sanchez, Ilia Sadykov, Daniel Grolimund, Anatoly I. Frenkel, Christopher B. Murray, and Eric A. Stach. “Stable and Efficient Ir Nanoshells for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions,” Chemistry of Materials (2023) | Abstract |
| Alexandre C. Foucher, Shengsong Yang, Daniel J. Rosen, Renjing Huang, Jun Beom Pyo, Ohhun Kwon, Cameron J. Owen, Dario Ferreira Sanchez, Ilia I. Sadykov, Daniel Grolimund, Boris Kozinsky, Anatoly I. Frenkel, Raymond J. Gorte, Christopher B. Murray, and Eric A. Stach. “Synthesis and Characterization of Stable Cu–Pt Nanoparticles under Reductive and Oxidative Conditions,“ JACS (2023) | Abstract |
| Jennifer D. Lee, Jeffrey B. Miller, Anna V. Shneidman, Lixin Sun, Jason F. Weaver, Joanna Aizenberg, Juergen Biener, J. Anibal Boscoboinik, Alexandre C. Foucher, Anatoly I. Frenkel, Jessi E. S. van der Hoeven, Boris Kozinsky, Nicholas Marcella, Matthew M. Montemore, Hio Tong Ngan, Christopher R. O’Connor, Cameron J. Owen, Dario J. Stacchiola, Eric A. Stach, Robert J. Madix, Philippe Sautet, and Cynthia M. Friend. “Dilute Alloys Based on Au, Ag, or Cu for Efficient Catalysis: From Synthesis to Active Sites,” Chemical Reviews (2022) | Abstract |
| Jennifer D. Lee, Zhen Qi, Alexandre C. Foucher, Hio Tong Ngan, Kevin Dennis, Jun Cui, Ilia I. Sadykov, Ethan J. Crumlin, Philippe Sautet, Eric A. Stach, Cynthia M. Friend, Robert J. Madix, and Juergen Biener. “Facilitating Hydrogen Dissociation over Dilute Nanoporous Ti–Cu Catalysts,” JACS (2022) | Abstract |
| Alexandre C. Foucher, Cameron J. Owen, Tanya Shirman, Joanna Aizenberg, Boris Kozinsky, and Eric A. Stach. “Atomic-Scale STEM Analysis Shows Structural Changes of Au–Pd Nanoparticles in Various Gaseous Environments,” J. Phys. Chem. C (2022) | Abstract |
| Alexandre C. Foucher, Shengsong Yang, Daniel J. Rosen, Jennifer D. Lee, Renjing Huang, Zhiqiao Jiang, Francisco G. Barrera, Kelly Chen, George G. Hollyer, Cynthia M. Friend, Raymond J. Gorte, Christopher B. Murray, and Eric A. Stach. “Synthesis and Characterization of Core-Shell Cu-Ru, Cu-Rh, and Cu-Ir Nanoparticles,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2022) | Abstract |
| Emily Liu, Robert Hull, Jinsuo Zhang, Ryan bedell, Emily De Stefanis, Kemal Ramic, and Jinghua Feng. “Development of In-Situ Corrosion Kinetics and Salt Property Measurements,” DOE Tech. Report (2022) | Abstract |
| Alexandre C. Foucher, Jennifer D. Lee, Zhen Qi, Gengnan Li, Gaoyuan Ouyang, Jun Cui, Jorge Anibal Boscoboinik, Cynthia M. Friend, Juergen Biener, and Eric A. Stach. “Boosting the H2–D2 Exchange Activity of Dilute Nanoporous Ti–Cu Catalysts through Oxidation–Reduction Cycle–Induced Restructuring,” Advanced Engineering Materials (2022) | Abstract |
| Alexandre C. Foucher, Nicholas Marcella, Jennifer D. Lee, Ryan Tappero, Christopher B. Murray, Anatoly I. Frenkel, and Eric A. Stach. “Dynamical Change of Valence States and Structure in NiCu3 Nanoparticles During Redox Cycling,” J. Phys. Chem. C (2022) | Abstract |
| Boao Song, Yong Yang, Timothy T. Yang, Kun He, Xiaobing Hu, Yifei Yuan, Vinayak P. Dravid, Michael R. Zachariah, Wissam A. Saidi, Yuzi Liu, and Reza Shahbazian-Yassar. “Revealing High-Temperature Reduction Dynamics of High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles via In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy,” Nano Letters (2021) | Abstract |
| Andrew C. Meng, Ke-Bin Low, Alexandre C. Foucher, Yuejin Li, Ivan Petrovic, and Eric A. Stach. “Anomalous metal vaporization from Pt/Pd/Al2O3 under redox conditions,” Nanoscale (2021) | Abstract |
| Alexandre C. Foucher, Nicholas Marcella, Jennifer D. Lee, Daniel J. Rosen, Ryan Tappero, Christopher B. Murray, Anatoly I. Frenkel, and Eric A. Stach. “Structural and Valence State Modification of Cobalt in CoPt Nanocatalysts in Redox Conditions,” ACS Nano (2021) | Abstract |
| Minsu Kim, Gihun Kwon, Wan-Gil Jung, Yunji Choi, Bong-Joong Kim, and Hyunjoo Lee. “Direct Observation of Rhodium Ex-Solution from Ceria Nanodomain and Its Use for Hydrogen Production via Propane Steam Reforming,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces (2021) | Abstract |
| Prachi Pragnya, Daniel Gall, and Robert Hull. “In Situ High-Temperature TEM Observation of Inconel Corrosion by Molten Chloride Salts with N2, O2, or H2O,” J. Electrochem. Soc. (2021) | Abstract |
| Boao Song, Yong Yang, Muztoba Rabbani, Timothy T. Yang, Kun He, Xiaobing Hu, Yifei Yuan, Pankaj Ghildiyal, Vinayak P. Dravid, Michael R. Zachariah, Wissam A. Saidi, Yuzi Liu, and Reza Shahbazian-Yassar. “In Situ Oxidation Studies of High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles,” ACS Nano (2020) | Abstract |
| David A. Shapiro, Sergey Babin, Richard S. Celestre, Weilun Chao, Raymond P. Conley, Peter Denes, Bjoern Enders, Pablo Enfedaque, Susan James, John M. Joseph, Harinarayan Krishnan, Stefano Marchesini, Krishna Muriki, Kasra Nowrouzi, Sharon R. Oh, Howard Padmore, Tony Warwick, Lee Yang, Valeriy V. Yashchuk, Young-Sang Yu, and Jiangtao Zhao. “An ultrahigh-resolution soft x-ray microscope for quantitative analysis of chemically heterogeneous nanomaterials,” Sci. Adv. (2020) | Abstract |
| Mathilde Luneau, Erjia Guan, Wei Chen, Alexandre C. Foucher, Nicholas Marcella, Tanya Shirman, David M. A. Verbart, Joanna Aizenberg, Michael Aizenberg, Eric A. Stach, Robert J. Madix, Anatoly I. Frenkel & Cynthia M. Friend. “Enhancing catalytic performance of dilute metal alloy nanomaterials,” Communications Chemistry (2020) | Abstract |
| Boao Song, Timothy T. Yang, Yifei Yuan, Soroosh Sharifi-Asl, Meng Cheng, Wissam A. Saidi, Yuzi Liu, and Reza Shahbazian-Yassar, “Revealing Sintering Kinetics of MoS2‑Supported Metal Nanocatalysts in Atmospheric Gas Environments via Operando Transmission Electron Microscopy,” ACS Nano (2020) | Abstract |
| Mi Yoo, Young-Sang Yu, Hyunwoo Ha, Siwon Lee, Jin-Seok Choi, Sunyoung Oh, Eunji Kang, Hyuk Choi, Hyesung An, Kug-Seung Lee, Jeong Young Park, Richard Celestre, Matthew A. Marcus, Kasra Nowrouzi, Doug Taube, David A. Shapiro, WooChul Jung, Chunjoong Kim and Hyun You Kim. “A tailored oxide interface creates dense Pt single-atom catalysts with high catalytic activity,” Energy & Environmental Science (2020) | Abstract |
| Yong-Ryun Jo, Jerry Tersoff, Min-Woo Kim, and Bong-Jong Kim. “Reversible decomposition of single-crystal methylammonium lead iodide perovskite nanorods,” ACS Cent. Sci. (2020) | Abstract |
| Jun Kyu Kim, Yong-Ryun Jo, Seunghyun Kim, Bonjae Koo, Jun Hyuk Kim, Bong-Joong Kim, and WooChul Jung. “Exceptional Tunability over Size and Density of Spontaneously Formed Nanoparticles via Nucleation Dynamics,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2020) | Abstract |
| Xinxing Peng, Alex Abelson, Yu Wang, Caroline Qian, Junyi Shangguan, Qiubo Zhang, Lei Yu, Zu-Wei Yin, Wenjing Zheng, Karen C. Bustillo, Xuyun Guo, Hong-Gang Liao, Shi-Gang Sun, Matt Law, and Haimei Zheng. “In situ TEM Study of the Degradation of PbSe Nanocrystals in Air,” Chem. Mater. (2019) | Abstract |
| John S. Mangum, Lauren M. Garten, David S. Ginley, and Brian P. Gorman. “Utilizing TiO2 amorphous precursors for polymorph selection: An in situ TEM study of phase formation and kinetics,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society (2019) | Abstract |
| Yimin A. Wu, Ian McNulty, Kah Chun Lau, Qi Liu, Arvydas P. Paulikas, Cheng-Jun Sun, Zhonghou Cai, Jeffrey R. Guest, Yang Ren, Vojislav Stamenkovic, Larry A. Curtiss, Yuzi Liu, and Tijana Rajh. “Facet-dependent active sites of a single Cu2O particle photocatalyst for CO2 reduction to methanol,” Nature Energy (2019) | Abstract |
| Karalee Jarvis, Chih-Chieh Wang, María Varela, Raymond R. Unocic, Arumugam Manthiram, and Paulo J. Ferreira. “Surface Reconstruction in Li-rich Layered Oxides of Li-ion Batteries,” Chemsitry of Materials (2017) | Abstract |
| Jeffery A. Aguiar, Nooraldeen R. Alkurd, Sarah Wozny, Maulik K. Patel, Mengjin Yang, Weilie Zhou, Mowafak Al-Jassim, Terry G. Holesinger, Kai Zhu and Joseph J. Berry. “In situ investigation of halide incorporation into perovskite solar cells,” MRS Communications (2017) | Abstract |
| Jeffery A. Aguiar, Sarah Wozny, Terry G. Holesinger, Toshihiro Aoki,d Maulik K. Patel, Mengjin Yang, Joseph J. Berry, Mowafak Al-Jassim, Weilie Zhou and Kai Zhu. “In situ investigation of the formation and metastability of formamidinium lead tri-iodide perovskite solar cells,” Energy & Environmental Science (2016) | Abstract |
| Yimin A. Wu, Liang Li, Zheng Li, Alper Kinaci, Maria K. Y. Chan, Yugang Sun, Jeffrey R. Guest, Ian McNulty, Tijana Rajh, and Yuzi Liu. “Visualizing Redox Dynamics of a Single Ag/AgCl Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst at Atomic Resolution,” ACS Nano (2016) | Abstract |
| Yimin A. Wu, Liang Li, Zheng Li, Alper Kinaci, Maria K. Y. Chan, Yugang Sun, Jeffrey R. Guest, Ian McNulty, Tijana Rajh, and Yuzi Liu. “Dedicated Beamline Facilities for Catalytic Research. Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium (SCC),” DOE Tech. Report (2015) | Abstract |
| Jingguang Chen, Anatoly Frenkel, Jose Rodriguez, Radoslav Adzic, Simon R. Bare, Steve L. Hulbert, Ayman Karim, David R. Mullins, and Steve Overbury. “Correlative and dtnamic in-situ S/TEM characterization of heavily irradiated pyrochlores and fluorites,” Microscopy and Microanalysis Meeting (2015) | |
| E.A. Stach, Y. Li, S. Zhao, A. Gamalski, K. Chen-Weigart, R. Tappero, J. Chen. “Characterizing working catalysts with correlated electron and photon probes,” Microscopy and Microanalysis Meeting (2015) | |
| J. Murphy, N.J. Salmon, D.H. Alsem. “Imaging Nano-Structures at High Temperature and Pressure Using a Windowed TEM Gas Cell Speciment Holder,” Microscopy and Microanalysis Meeting (2015) | |
| J. Murphy, N.J. Salmon, D.H. Alsem. “Imaging of Nano-Structures at High Temperatures and Pressures above One Atmosphere Using a Windowed TEM Gas Cell Specimen Holder,” Microscopy and Microanalysis Meeting (2015) | |
| Y. Li, D. Zakharov, S. Zhao, R. Tappero, U. Jung, A. Elsen, Ph. Baumann, R.G. Nuzzo, E.A. Stach & A.I. Frenkel, “Complex structural dynamics of nanocatalysts revealed in Operando conditions by correlated imaging and spectroscopy probes”. Nature Communications 6 ( | Abstract |
| R. Colby, D.H. Alsem, A. Liyu, B. Kabius. “A method for measuring the local gas pressure within a gas-flow stage in situ in the transmission electron microscope ” Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 153 (2015) pp.55-60. | Abstract |
| Anatoly I. Frenkel, Michael W. Cason, Annika Elsen, Ulrich Jung, Matthew W. Small, Ralph G. Nuzzo, Fernando D. Vila, John J. Rehr, Eric A. Stach, and Judith C. Yang. “Critical review: Effects of complex interactions on structure and dynamics of supported metal catalysts,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A (2014) | Abstract |
| H.L. Xin, K. Niu, D.H. Alsem, and H. Zheng. “In-Situ TEM Study of Catalytic Nanoparticle Reactions in Atmospheric Pressure Gas Environment,” Microscopy and Microanalysis 19:6 (2013) pp. 1558‒1568. | Abstract |
| B. Colby, D.H. Alsem, and B. Kabius. “Estimating the Local Gas Pressure in a Gas Flow Cell Stage In-Situ using Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy,” Microscopy and Microanalysis 19:S2 (2013) pp. 474 | Abstract |
| D.H. Alsem, R. Colby, S.W. Chee, B. Kabius and N.J. Salmon. “In-situ Characterization of Catalytic Reactions Using Environmental Cell TEM,” Materials Research Society fall meeting, Boston, MA, December 2013. | Abstract |
| D.H. Alsem, N.J. Salmon, R.R. Unocic, G.M. Veith, and K.L. More. “In-situ liquid and gas transmission electron microscopy of nano-scale materials,” Microscopy and Microanalysis 18:S2 (2012) pp. 1158-1159. | Abstract |
| Daan H. Alsem, Raymond R. Unocic, Gabriel .M. Veith, Karren L. More, and Norman J. Salmon. “Transmission Electron Microscopy of Nano-Scale Materials in Liquid and Gas Environments,” 12th European Microscopy Conference, Manchester, England (2012) | Abstract |